Since joining the University of California, San Diego, as an independent investigator, Dr. Gourisankar Ghosh has devoted his research to unraveling the NF-κB signaling pathway using structural, biochemical, and cellular methods. His laboratory made the landmark discovery of how NF-κB transcription factors are held in check within cells and how their activation is governed by the IκB family of inhibitors and the IκB kinase (IKK) family of protein kinases. These findings led to the development of IKK inhibitor peptides, which have become powerful tools for suppressing inflammation, particularly in the context of neurological diseases. In parallel, his collaborative studies uncovered a previously unrecognized link between metabolism and genome stability, showing that sustained DNA damage in neurological disorders arises primarily from fructose 2,6-bisphosphate deficiency.